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Nagana szlachectwa ((ラテン語:'Vituperatio nobilitatis')), literally reprobation/reprimand/censure of nobility, also translated by Norman Davies as Test of Nobility〔Norman Davies, ''God's Playground'', ()〕 was a legal procedure of the revocation of nobility in the history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Due to the absence of formalized heraldry laws and lineage in early Poland, nobility of a person was tested in a regular court. The confirmation of nobility was based on calling for a certain number of witnesses. In Poland this was in accordance with a 1633 statute,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=64473 )〕 in Lithuania by Chapter 3, Article 22 of a 1588 Statute. The latter demanded two witnesses each from the maternal and paternal side. The penalty for perjury was being stripped of own szlachta status by 1601.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=64472 )〕 In case of the successful ''nagana'', the accuser earned up to half of the property of the accused, the other half going to the state. The justice was highly prone to miscarriage, in particular, to abusive ennoblement Therefore this procedure was gradually restricted in various ways. After 1581, the procedures took place before either the Crown Tribunal or the Lithuanian Tribunal. Norman Davies conjectures that this practice was among the factors leading to the establishment of a unique Polish practice of heraldic families ((ポーランド語:ród heraldyczny), "heraldic clans", by Davies).〔 It is also asserted that this practice led to development of extensive personal archiving and archive research among Polish nobility.〔 ==See also== *Dérogeance 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「nagana szlachectwa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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